Inflation, high interest rates and supply chain bottlenecks over the past two years have challenged the competitiveness of clean energy projects after a decade of seemingly unstoppable cost declines. Are the recent challenges a blip in this longer story of improving economics for renewables or a harbinger of continuing challenges. What policies and market reforms can strengthen the long-term viability and the case for capital for renewable projects? In a transforming energy system, how are investors reassessing the variabilities in risks, returns and time horizons across emerging and mature technologies?
As the key components of batteries and electrification technologies, demand for copper, lithium, nickel, cobalt and other critical minerals is expected to grow exponentially. The supply chains to bring these commodities to market face an array of trade, permitting and social, economic, and political challenges. Can governments and industry overcome these challenges and ensure security of supply of essential energy transition minerals? Is there the capacity to bring on new supplies in a timely way? Could supply deficits risk upending transition goals?