Although billions of dollars are being invested in new technologies, global GHG emissions continue to increase because growth in emissions from developing countries still exceeds the decline in emissions from OECD countries. The importance and need of technologies—existing as well as those on the horizon—is highlighted in every energy transition conversation. Wind, solar PV and batteries have made significant improvements in performance and cost over the last two decades. However, hydrocarbons still account for 80% of primary energy supply—just as was the case 30 years back. What are the most promising technological breakthroughs in climate change mitigation? What has been the impact of IRA and IIJA so far? What are the biggest barriers to scale-up? How is Gen AI transforming energy industry?