For the first time, COP28 delivered a pledge from governments around the world to “transition away from fossil fuels,” a landmark agreement for the United Nations climate conference. However, big challenges remain for negotiators to deliver the goals of energy security, sustainability and affordability. What strategies can governments and industry pursue to leverage increased private and public climate financing for developing economies? What measures are critical to advance and flesh out how the energy transition can be done in a just and equitable way? How can the ambitions of COP28 be fulfilled? What are the most critical issues heading into COP29 in Azerbaijan?