A wide range of technologies are being researched by academia or implemented in industry that, if delivered at scale, could significantly impact the economics and sustainability of energy use over the next 10 to 20 years. What pathways are there for innovations in low-carbon fuels, materials, AI,  etc., to change current assertions about the roadmap to net zero? To what extent is there potential for “disruption” in low-carbon solutions? Is the impact of these innovations a function the uniqueness of a new technology, or its scalability, based on markets or human capabilities?