We continue to see a tale of two carbon markets―compliance markets continue to expand while the voluntary markets are mired in transparency and integrity issues. Failure to progress on Paris Agreement Article 6, international carbon market negotiations, at COP28 has pushed the need to bolster market clarity back to stakeholder initiatives and governments. While voluntary markets remain uncertain, compliance carbon markets continue to expand, with large emitting and fast-growing countries laying groundwork for their implementation. What will be the resulting levels of ambition and how much will these markets interact? Will these markets increasingly incorporate project-based reduction efforts ―the hallmark of the VCM―into their designs? What are the synergies, challenges and opportunities ahead for integrating compliance market dynamics with voluntary market dynamics and fostering a more cohesive and effective approach to carbon mitigation?