Materials (in addition to minerals and metals) have a critical role in enabling the energy transition.   Materials with lower GHG emission intensity in their manufacturing, operation and/or disposal/reuse will be needed. High-performance carbon-based materials are expected to play a major role in this transition. Despite its importance, the materials transition is little understood by policy makers and the public.  In which sectors will the materials transition be most impactful? What role will carbon-based materials play in the materials transition? What are the implications for hydrocarbon suppliers and downstream value chain participants? What new policies will be needed to facilitate the transition to lower GHG intensity materials?