Developments over the last three years have shaken expectations of a linear global transition as climate goals compete with economic development, energy access, energy security and affordability. The events of the last few years have made it clear that there cannot be an energy transition without energy security. We are beginning a multidimensional transition: a multispeed, multifueled and multi-technology transition with different road maps and end points for different countries. How can the deployment and scaling of new technologies be accelerated?  What will be the approaches to implementing the COP 28 commitments?