Decades-old assumptions about the political and economic future of the Middle East have been scrambled by surging non-OPEC oil supply and the recent, growing use of super-accurate drones and missiles to attack oil facilities and political opponents. What is the outlook for the region, where foreign powers continue to be involved militarily and politically in proxy wars and where disputes defy resolution? How will oil-exporting nations, who are members of OPEC and the Vienna Alliance, face a future of political uncertainty, stiff competition, shrinking market share, and price pressure?