COP25, held in Madrid in December 2019, failed to define the rules to implement the Paris Accord. With the United States and Brazil withdrawing from the Paris Agreement and others increasing coal-fired generation, the 2015 political consensus underlying the Paris according is shattering. Still, some argue that environmental activism seen in municipalities and non-federal entities around the world—and the focus on sustainability emerging in the financial sector—represent a thousand points of light. How can industry, the financial sector, and environmental activists most effectively support a sustainability agenda that is itself sustainable?
There is growing consensus that renewables alone cannot address every emissions challenge. Technologies to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere could potentially reverse the trend of growing GHG concentrations. What are these technologies? How scalable are they? How close are they to commercial deployment? What is the cost and energy balance?