The world’s youngest and fastest urbanizing region, Africa is also blessed with abundant natural resources, both hydrocarbons and the minerals, that will power the global energy transition. For policymakers who strive to deliver vital energy access and economic growth, the development of these resources is an urgent priority. Fossil fuels remain critically important since many governments are heavily dependent on them for revenues, employment and industrialization, even as Africa’s per capita carbon emissions are among the lowest in the world. How are energy leaders advancing hydrocarbon-based projects while supporting net-zero goals? What opportunities are emerging from the energy transition? Where will finance come from, and under what conditions?