Decarbonizing the energy matrix and other high-carbon footprint industries is the critical path to minimizing global emissions and achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement. However, reaching net-zero emission will demand a herculean effort, given the technology challenges and the scale of investment demanded. What complementary technologies offer the potential to achieve the scale and economic competitiveness required to make decarbonization a reality at a reasonable cost for society? What are the roles of energy companies, technology firms, infrastructure developers, and governments in this process? What policies are needed to spur investments and accelerate technology development?