For over a century, the modern economy has been made possible by a global fossil fuel system that has delivered low-cost, scalable energy. Now after optimizing transportation fuels, engines and infrastructure, monumental changes are needed to power our future cars, trucks and airplanes while producing significantly less emissions. Batteries, biofuels and e-fuels are among the technologies competing for a share of the future mobility market, most of which will rely on incentives to gain scale. What technologies will dominate this new landscape? Will different fuels be used in different applications and regions? How are choices made by consumers and automakers influencing technology adoption and strategic options for fuel suppliers?